We downloaded and aligned 184 sequence traces from genbank for the partial or full rrs gene of leptospira spp. Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals. This volume covers all aspects of infection by pathogenic leptospira species, the causative agents of the worlds most widespread zoonosis. From dogs, samples of urine, blood and kidney were collected while only kidney and blood samples of trapped rodents were used. Leptospirosis is a zoonosis with worldwide distribution caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus leptospira. Different serovars typically have different reservoir hosts. Serologic survey of brucella canis and leptospira spp. Highresolution scanning electron micrograph of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. The leptospira species infection in cats guideline was first published in journal of feline medicine and surgery 15 7, 20, 576581. Leptospira spp in dogs vetlexicon canis from vetstream.
Leptospirosis is an infectious and acute disease caused by leptospira spp. To determine the occurrence and identity of pathogenic leptospira spp. The genus leptospira was originally divided into two groups. Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of global distribution caused by infection with one of more than 230 serovars belonging to pathogenic species of leptospira 10a, 25. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of leptospira spp. Leptospira greek leptos, fine, thin and latin spira, coil is a genus of spirochaete bacteria, including a small number of pathogenic and saprophytic species. The present report aimed to demonstrate the pcr analysis of bovine.
Leptospira noguchii is a gramnegative, pathogenic organism. In the environment, they require high humidity for survival and are killed by dehydration or temperatures greater than 50c. Pdf leptospirosis, caused by the pathogenic leptospires, is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases known. As part of an effort to monitor the health of wild cetaceans, this study detected leptospira spp. This update has been authorised by katrin hartmann. Some host species are believed to favor specific serovars. L noguchii is famous for causing the febrile illness in fort bragg, nc during world war ii. Some infected persons, however, may have no symptoms at all. Rodents are the most important maintenance hosts for leptospira spp. Idexx laboratories is pleased to introduce a new elisa for leptospira specific antibodies. Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease affecting a variety of domestic and wild animals and humans worldwide that has been reported in over 150 mammalian species. Equine recurrent uveitis eru is a disease characterised by repeated episodes of intraocular inflammation and is a common cause of ocular pain in horses 1. Topics include aspects of human and animal leptospirosis as well as detailed analyses of our current knowledge of leptospiral structure and physiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, genomics, immunity and vaccines. Leptospirosis is a disease that is caused by spirochete bacteria in the genus leptospira.
Various prevalence studies on leptospira in animals and humans, as well as environmental samples, had been conducted worldwide, including malaysia. Thirty horses were determined to have recurrent uveitis based on clinical evaluation or history. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of isolates obtained from different hosts. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide veterinary significance in many animal species. It is caused by infection with antigenically distinct serovars of the spirochete bacterium leptospira interrogans sensu lato, of which eight are of. In our comprehensive genomic analysis of 20 leptospira spp. The route of infection with leptospira interrogans serovar.
The inhouse snap lepto test and the leptospira elisa at. Regarded globally as a zoonosis because it is acquired by humans from contact with animals or from water contaminated. A proportion of patients who are positive by pcr are negative by culture. Leptospira was first observed in 1907 in kidney tissue slices of a leptospirosis. While leptospirosis occurs worldwide, it is more common in tropical or subtropical climates. Without treatment, leptospirosis can lead to kidney damage. A total of 65 leptospira isolates from humans n 1, zoonoses rat, n 60. Pdf surfaceome of leptospira spp ben adler academia. Changes in the antigenic composition of lipopolysaccharide lps are thought to account for this antigenic diversity. Some leptospira are harmless saprophytes that reside in the environment, while others are pathogenic. Among wildlife species, rodents act as the most important reservoir for both human and animal infection. It is a systemic disease of humans and domestic animals 2. Pathogenic leptospira infection negative leptospira spp. However, limited studies have been documented on the presence of pathogenic, intermediate, and saprophytic leptospira in selected animals and environments.
Eru is considered an autoimmune disease 2, but the initiating events of the disease remain unclear. This study was therefore conducted to detect leptospira spp. Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic leptospira spp. No serovar is known to be adapted to humans, so humans acquire the disease directly from animals contact with urine or tissues or indirectly contact with urine contaminated water. No cross reaction was recorded with the sera that were positive for ballum and javanica. Leptospira spp in cats vetlexicon felis from vetstream. Human infections result from contact with contaminated soil, vegetation or water, or with the body fluids of infected animals. Serovars of leptospira isolated from dogs and rodents. Leptospires have been isolated from birds, reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates. Manual inspection and curation of srna was performed with igv. Leptospirosis is an acute, febrile disease occurring in humans and animals worldwide. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf leptospira.
From december 2011 to may 2012 the presence of leptospira spp. Currently, over 250 different leptospiral serovars are known worldwide. We have employed the rnase p rna rpr gene, which is present as single copy in chromosome i of leptospira spp. Your use of this pdf, the bioone complete website, and all posted. Having a humid climate with plenty of annual rainfall, guilan province is a suitable environment for maintaining leptospira spp. Leptospirosis cases can occur either sporadically or in epidemics, humans are susceptible to infection by a variety of serovars. Standard for managing biological risk in the veterinary laboratory and animal facilities. Human leptospirosis results from contact with water, soil and food contaminated with the urine of leptospiruric rats, dogs, pigs and. Many mammalian species and amphibians 32,33 may act as reservoirs of. Pdf leptospirosis is a globally important zoonotic disease that affects humans on all continents. Global leptospirosis environmental action network glean information on leptospirosis from the us centers for disease control and prevention in atlanta. Leptospira and leptospirosis global water pathogen project. Resources the international leptospirosis society ils. We detected the flagellin b gene flab from pathogenic leptospira spp.
Leptospirosis, caused by the pathogenic leptospires, is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases known. Immunity to infection is mediated principally by antibodies, which opsonize leptospires for phagocytosis by both neutrophils and macrophages 29, 39 and also mediate complementdependent killing. Leptospira was first observed in 1907 in kidney tissue slices of a leptospirosis victim who was described as having died of yellow fever. The leptospirosis reference centre provides leptospirosis diagnostic services as well as reference materials and services at a national and international scale with a focus on economically deprived countries, mainly in the tropics where leptospirosis is endemic. Leptospira from the greek leptos, meaning fine or thin, and the latin spira, meaning coil is a genus of spirochaete bacteria, including a small number of pathogenic and saprophytic species. Leptospiral organisms have long been presumed to be associated with the presence of equine recurrent uveitis. Unlike other strains of leptospira that cause leptospirosis, l.
We determined the frequency of isolation of leptospira from dogs and rodents, the serovars of leptospira, and the clinical, gross and histological manifestations in dogs with leptospirosis in trinidad. There are 10 pathogenic species, and more than 250. A 331bp sequence from the leptospira interrogans serovar canicola rrs 16s gene was amplified, and the pcr products were analyzed by dnadna hybridization by using a 289bp fragment internal to the amplified dna. Leptospirosis fact sheet for clinicians background leptospirosis is a disease that is caused by spirochete bacteria in the genus leptospira. There are 10 pathogenic species, and more than 250 pathogenic serovars. Leptospirosis is considered a zoonotic disease weils disease in humans.
To gain a better understanding of the occurrence and distribution of pathogenic. Pdf evolution of the rnase p rna structural domain in. Leptospira spp are commonly sequestered in the renal tubules of mammalian kidneys. Our results support previous work that leptospira spp. Abstract different serovars of pathogenic leptospira interrogans are responsible for leptospirosis, a bacterial zoonosis of worldwide dimensions. It is caused by infection with antigenically distinct serovars of the spirochete leptospira interrogans sensu lato.
Leptospira microagglutination testing cornell university. There was 40 cases of this fever documented during each summer from 1942 to 1944. This is the first evidence, to our knowledge, of intergeneric conjugal transfer of plasmid dna from e. Leptospirosis is a major emerging infectious disease with a worldwide distribution 1. Molecular detection and speciation of pathogenic leptospira spp. Leptospirosis is caused by various species of leptospira, a spirochete in the family leptospiraceae, order spirochaetales. Molecular epidemiology of pathogenic leptospira spp. In humans, it can cause a wide range of symptoms, some of which may be mistaken for other diseases. This project was undertaken to determine the presence of leptospira spp. Leptospirosis is an occupational risk for military personnel and many cases have been reported worldwide. They can remain viable for a few to many weeks or months in contaminated soil and.
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